(Bloomberg) -- Indonesia's economy, the largest in Southeast Asia, hit a milestone last year by reaching $1 trillion, yet the mood wasn't celebratory as the government continued to miss its revenue targets.
Gross domestic product was an estimated $1.004 trillion in 2017, but economic growth was probably lower than the 5.2 percent initially projected, according to figures released by Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati on Tuesday.
Despite having the fourth-biggest population in the world -- at more than 260 million -- the government collects little tax from its citizens. Government revenue was 14 percent of GDP in 2016, lower than its peers, and a key obstacle to faster growth and credit-rating upgrades. Revenue was 80 trillion rupiah ($5.9 billion) short of its target last year.
Indrawati, who pledged tax reforms after taking office in 2016, said the government has to strike a balance in chasing its revenue goals, and doesn't want to increase pressure on companies that are already taking strain because of volatile commodity prices.
“If we look back to 2014, 2015 and 2016, the tax targets were too high and created doubts about the credibility of the state budget. The public also felt that we were breathing down their neck,” she said. “In the future, we will improve our tax collection process and coordination between agencies.”
Despite the lower tax take, the government also underspent on its budget, resulting in an estimated fiscal deficit of 2.6 percent of GDP compared with a previous forecast of 2.9 percent. The government is mandated to keep the shortfall under 3 percent of GDP.
Here's a snapshot of the 2017 budget figures released by the government on Tuesday, compared with their targets:
| Revised target | Realized | |
| Government revenue (trillion rupiah) | 1,736.1 | 1,655.8 |
| Tax revenue (trillion rupiah) | 1,472.7 | 1,339.8 |
| Government expenditure (trillion rupiah) | 2,133.3 | 2,001.6 |
| Subsidy spending (trillion rupiah) | 168.9 | 166.3 |
| Budget deficit (trillion rupiah) | 397.2 | 345.8 |
| Budget deficit (% of GDP) | 2.92 | 2.57 |
| GDP growth (% of GDP) | 5.2 | (est.) 5.05 |
| CPI (%) | 4.3 | 3.61 |
| Average rupiah (per USD) | 13,400 | 13,384 |
| Oil price assumption ($/bbl) | 48 | 50 |
- NOTE: Realized GDP growth number is based on an estimate by the finance ministry, with the actual figure to be released in February
To contact the reporter on this story: Tassia Sipahutar in Jakarta at ssipahutar@bloomberg.net.
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Thomas Kutty Abraham at tabraham4@bloomberg.net, Nasreen Seria, Yudith Ho
©2018 Bloomberg L.P.
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