(Bloomberg) -- AI's recent feats – beating a Go champion, navigating driverless cars, making money for investors – were many decades in the making.
1950: Alan Turing developed the Turing Test for recognizing machine intelligence
1956: John McCarthy coins “artificial intelligence” at Dartmouth College conference
1957: Invention of Perceptron, an algorithm that could be trained to classify images
1964: Computers understand natural language enough to solve algebra word problems
1968: Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey features intelligent computer HAL 9000
1979: The Stanford Cart, an autonomous vehicle, navigates across a room full of obstacles
1982: James Simons starts quant investment firm Renaissance Technologies
1988: David Shaw founds D.E. Shaw, an early AI adopter among hedge funds
1990s: AI advances in machine learning, case-based reasoning, data mining, virtual reality
1997: IBM computer Deep Blue beats world chess champion Garry Kasparov
1990s: Web crawlers, other AI-based information programs, become Internet mainstays
1999: Sony AIBO, a robotic pet dog, understands 100 voice commands, learns and matures
2005: Sebastian Thrun's Stanford team wins DARPA's 132-mile driverless car race
2011: IBM Watson, a system capable of answering questions, wins quiz show Jeopardy
2012: Google's self-driving car gets license in Nevada
2014: Man Group starts using machine learning algorithms to manage client money
2016: Alphabet's DeepMind AlphaGo computer program beats Go champion
2017: AlphaGo Zero learns by playing against itself, beats AlphaGo by 100 games to 0
2017: Facebook switches entirely to neural networks for 4.5 billion translations a day
2017: First AI Powered Equity ETF driven by IBM's Watson computer starts trading
2017: Two Sigma, a hedge fund that deploys machine learning, crosses $50 billion in assets under management
2040s: AI could be involved in 99 percent of investment management, according to Man Group.
Sources: Bloomberg, Man Group, Superintelligence by Nick Bostrom, Winton
To contact the reporter on this story: Nishant Kumar in London at nkumar173@bloomberg.net.
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Margaret Collins at mcollins45@bloomberg.net, Vincent Bielski, Josh Friedman
©2017 Bloomberg L.P.
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