From Surging Yields to Euro-Exit Bets, an Italy Rout Cheat Sheet

(Bloomberg) -- As populist parties in Rome mobilize for an early election, Italian assets are once again being scrutinized for stresses that undermine the euro project.

The stakes are high. The anti-establishment politicians vying for leadership in the continent's second-most indebted country want to boost spending in defiance of European Union budget strictures -- and make battle with the entrenched order. Italian markets showed some signs of stabilization on Wednesday, but fears remain that a snap election could effectively constitute a referendum on whether the country stays in the euro area.

Here are five metrics to watch to gauge fear in the periphery and beyond:

The best gauge of risk in any European bond market is a comparison with yields of Germany, the continent's safest country to lend money to. Before the recent political flare-up, Italy was paying a premium of just over 1 percent compared to Germany to borrow in euros for 10 years. That gap almost tripled on Tuesday but has since pared back a bit to 2.7 percent.

The other extreme is to compare Italy with the bond markets it's supposed to be safer than, if conventional market perceptions based on credit ratings and the like are anything to go by. In that light, Italy is looking more and more like an emerging market. Investors are now willing to pay notably less to insure a basket of 14 developing-nation sovereigns against default than they are Italy, according to credit-default swap indexes.

With Italian populists calling for a review of the bailout of troubled lender Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, the political upheaval leaves banks looking particularly vulnerable. Italy has the fifth-biggest country weighting in the STOXX 600 Banks Index, contributing just over 8 percent. This week alone, the gauge has slumped about 5.3 percent to the lowest level since December 2016.

The pain in banks is also apparent in the swap market, where spreads for European lenders surged to the highest level in more than a year on Tuesday before paring back some losses. The jump in the cost of protection is also pushing up costs for primary issuers, with the majority of this month's new bond sales being quoted wider at their launch, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

A worst-case scenario of the Italian populist revival is that Italy will leave the euro area. While few see it as likely, CDS traders are starting to price-in the risk. The premium investors pay for contracts that hedge the prospect Italian debt is converted into a national currency has swelled to 113 basis points. That's almost double the level the spread reached in early 2017 amid woes surrounding Banca Monte dei Paschi.

--With assistance from Cecile Gutscher.

To contact the reporter on this story: Natasha Doff in Moscow at ndoff@bloomberg.net

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Samuel Potter at spotter33@bloomberg.net, Sid Verma