US Economy Shrinks 0.2% On Weaker Spending, Larger Trade Impact

The US economy shrank at the start of the year, restrained by weaker consumer spending and even more imports than initially reported.

Gross domestic product decreased at a 0.2% annualized pace in the first quarter, the second estimate from the Bureau of Economic Analysis showed Thursday. That compared with an initially reported 0.3% decline.

The economy's primary growth engine — consumer spending — advanced 1.2%, compared with an initial estimate of 1.8%. Net exports subtracted 4.9 percentage points, slightly more than the first projection.

The slight upward revision in GDP reflected stronger business investment and a greater accumulation of inventories. Federal government spending wasn't as much of a drag as originally reported.

GDP figures are revised multiple times as more data become available, enabling the government to fine-tune its estimate. The first projection, released in late April, showed the economy contracted for the first time since 2022. The final estimate is due next month.

Economic growth was dragged down at the start of the year by a surge in imports as US businesses tried to get ahead of President Donald Trump's tariffs. More moderate consumer spending, as well as a decline in federal government spending, also weighed on the figure.

Since then, the White House has walked back or delayed some of the more punitive levies, and most of the tariffs have been blocked by a US trade court. While the pauses have helped calm Americans' concerns about the economy and prompted many economists to scrap their recession calls, tariff rates are still substantially higher than before Trump took office. 

Forecasters largely expect GDP to rebound in the second quarter as higher duties discourage imports, and the goods already brought in will accumulate in larger inventories that add to growth. Beyond that, economists and policymakers will be paying close attention to how Trump's policies — including trade, but also immigration and taxation — will impact consumer and business spending going forward.