Keep Calm And Buy Second Hand: The Guide To Post-Pandemic Shopping

If the idea of a second-hand anything evokes an image of an old, dilapidated item, you might be in for a surprise. At least if a Lamborghini Gallardo listed on the pre-owned goods online marketplace OLX is anything to go by. Remember OLX pe sab kuch bikta hain!

While the pandemic might have disrupted shopping as we knew it, it proved to be a booster shot for India's second-hand goods economy. A combination of factors, from income uncertainty to a more digital lifestyle and a wider array of offerings on these sites, have come together to increase the demand for used items.

Since January 2020, daily active users on OLX have risen about 30%, while demand has grown about 25%, said Sapna Arora, chief marketing officer at OLX.

QuikrBazaar saw a 41% growth in the listings in June, July and August this year compared with the pre-Covid quarter, said Sarath Chandra Gudlavalleti, senior vice-president and business head of QuikrBazaar.

Demand for pre-owned goods shot up amid job losses during the pandemic, income insecurity and closures of some companies that did not have a strong digital presence, said Arora. People saw value in second-hand goods. Once in, they stayed, he said.

Financial restraints and reduced budgets, alongside a more digital lifestyle, led to a change in consumer buying and selling behavior, said Gudlavalleti.

Supply of goods on these platforms increased as well, drawing in new buyers.

For work from home, people wanted to make space and wanted to declutter, said Arora. "When you have to get rid of something, you might as well make money out of it."

What Led The Increase?

Increased demand for second-hand goods is coming from a number of categories.

With consumers spending more time at home now, they may want a larger refrigerator or a washing machine for convenience, said Gudlavalleti.

"We are also seeing a spike in demand for electronics like Smart TVs for entertainment purposes when one is home-bound," he said. There's increased demand for pre-owned laptops as well as education has moved online.

Another factor is the need to set up home-offices. With work-from-home jobs, consumers are looking at making their homes more suitable for their office set-up, Gudlavalleti said.

After the first wave of Covid infections wound down in the third quarter of 2020, traffic on Quikr for consumers interested in buying and selling pre-owned cars and bikes increased 33% compared to even pre-Covid levels.

On OLX, demand has grown about 40% across mobiles, electronics and appliance, bikes and furniture. For phones, alone, demand shot up 61% during the first lockdown, according to a study by OLX. Even in the post lockdown period, demand was higher by 44%, with tier-2 and 3 cities seeing most activity.

The gradual shift, said Sudipto Roy, consumer behaviour and marketing consultant, can be explained by Richard Thaler's theory of perceived value. A consumer is influenced by what they perceive to be of value, not only by economic consideration, Roy said. "When making a second-hand purchase, a customer is primarily trying to get value for money, it's as plain and simple as that."

Rajendra Srivastava, former dean and the Novartis professor of marketing and strategy innovation at Indian School of Business, said it is much easier to extract value out of second-hand things. Risk and information asymmetry has reduced, he explained. Earlier, the seller knew what the problems are with the good, the buyer may not have known. This has changed with more digital platforms offering to sell second hand goods.

Snapshot of various online classified sites. (Source: BloombergQuint)

The Second-Hand Car Boom

Like in other economies such as the U.S., the business of second-hand cars has boomed in post-pandemic times. The desire to have your own transport and a shortage in supply due to chip unavailability have come together to back this rare surge.

Used car platform Spinny has seen traffic go up six times between January 2020 and now, with strong tailwinds across cities and across price segments, according to Niraj Singh, founder and CEO.

Gajendra Jangid, co-founder and chief marketing officer at Cars24, also said traffic on the site, potentially a lead indicator of buying and selling activity, has risen four times since January 2020.

A shortage of chips and a consequent crunch in supply of new cars has also meant that even those who may have wanted to buy a new vehicle are considering a second-hand one, Singh said.

New cars have also got more expensive, making second-hand cars better value for money, Jangid added.

Besides, there are always those who aspire for bigger, flashier cars.

Image of a second land Lamborghini up for sale. (Source: OLX/ BloombergQuint)

Inflation In Second-Hand Goods

As demand has risen, so have prices.

According to QuikrBazaar, the average price of pre-owned products across the home, lifestyle, electronics and appliances categories have all seen an increase compared to pre-Covid times.

Pre-owned products like beds saw an average price increase of 29%, tables cost about 13% more. Second-hand laptops are 22% more expensive and TVs cost about 18% more.

For second-hand cars as well, all-time high demand has pushed up prices. There has been an approximate rise of about 6%, Singh said. So, a car that might have cost Rs 4 lakh now costs Rs 4.25 lakh.

Is the increased interest in second-hand goods here to stay? The industry believes that it is.

In the case of second-hand cars, demand is expected to go even higher up as people return to offices, said Arora.

Singh agrees. Pre-pandemic, the market for second-hand cars was estimated to grow at about 11.2%; now it is expected to grow at 18-20% for the next three-four years. "It's not a short-term phenomenon. There is a psychological shift."