Russia has confirmed it has blocked Meta-owned WhatsApp, intensifying its crackdown on foreign messaging platforms and steering users toward Max - a state-backed app billed as the country's "national messenger."
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov described Max as an "accessible alternative," while WhatsApp alleged Moscow attempted to "fully block" its service to push users toward what it called a "state-owned surveillance app."
The move follows months of disruptions. Since mid-August, users have reported failed or abruptly disconnected voice and video calls on WhatsApp and Telegram. Media watchdog Roskomnadzor has cited data law violations and alleged misuse of platforms as grounds for restrictions, accusing companies of failing to store Russian user data domestically or comply with local legislation.
What Is Max?
Developed by VKontakte (VK) and launched in March, Max is being positioned as a national "super-app" combining messaging, payments and access to government services.
From September 1, the app must be pre-installed on smartphones, tablets and other smart devices sold in Russia, ensuring nationwide reach.
Authorities plan to integrate Max with Gosuslugi, Russia's state services portal, allowing users to access public services and make payments within the app. Officials say security requirements for integration have been met, with a broader rollout expected later this year.
Max claims over 18 million registered users, up sharply in recent months.
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State Push, Privacy Concerns
Public institutions across several regions are reportedly directing schools, housing bodies and local administrations to migrate official chats to Max. Celebrity endorsements have amplified promotion, though online reactions remain mixed.
Independent analyses suggest the app collects metadata such as IP addresses and geolocation, with privacy terms allowing data sharing with state bodies. VK has launched a bug bounty programme after researchers flagged vulnerabilities.
The Bigger Picture
Critics see the push as part of a wider effort to assert digital sovereignty and tighten control over online communications. Russian authorities maintain restrictions are aimed at enforcing compliance with national law.
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